Pharmaceutics is the discipline of pharmacy that deals with the process of turning a new chemical entity (NCE) or pure drug into a medication that can be used safely and effectively by patients. It is also called the science of dosage form design.

Renal impairment significantly alters the pharmacokinetic profile of many drugs, necessitating careful dose adjustment to maintain therapeutic efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Patients with compromised kidney function experience changes in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination that must be accounted for in pharmacotherapy.